Research and Innovation - Duolingo English Test
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Featured publications
We are reinventing high stakes testing with innovative tools and techniques, driven by the latest research in language assessment, psychometrics, AI, and machine learning.
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Duolingo English Test: Technical Manual
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Ben Naismith, Ramsey Cardwell, Geoffrey T. LaFlair, Steven Nydick, Masha Kostromitina (2026)](https://go.duolingo.com/dettechnicalmanual)
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Duolingo English Test: Demographic and Score Properties of Test Takers (July 2024-June 2025)
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Allison Michalowski, Ramsey Cardwell, Steven Nydick, and Ben Naismith (2025)](https://go.duolingo.com/demographic-score)
Our Research Team
Our team of world-renowned experts is committed to advancing the field of high stakes testing through research and development.
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