# 100+ regular and irregular verbs in English

Finally: present, past, and participle forms of 100+ English verbs all in one place!

Regular and irregular verbs can be challenging for people learning English. But don’t worry—Duolingo is here to help! With this guide, you will be ready to use any verb you need 💪

## In this post:

- [Regular vs. irregular verbs in English](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#what-are-regular-and-irregular-verbs-in-english)
- [Rules for regular verbs](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#regular-verbs-in-english)
  - [Examples of regular verbs](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#examples-of-regular-verbs)

- [Patterns for irregular verbs](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-in-english)
  - [Examples of irregular verbs](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#examples-of-irregular-verbs)
  - [No change in the past forms](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-with-no-change-in-the-past-forms)
  - [Past forms ending in the letter _-t_](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-with-the-past-forms-ending-int)
  - [Past forms ending in the sound “d”](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-whereee-ea-becomesein-the-past-forms)
  - [_-ee/-ea_ becomes -e- in the past forms](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-whereee-ea-becomesein-the-past-forms)
  - [V + _-w_ becomes _-ew_ and _-awn/-own_ in the past forms](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#irregular-verbs-where-vw-becomesew-andawn-own-in-the-past-forms)

## What are regular and irregular verbs in English?

Many English verbs follow a simple pattern to form the [simple past](https://blog.duolingo.com/simple-past-verbs-in-english/) and [past participle](https://blog.duolingo.com/uses-of-participles). We call these **regular verbs**:

💡 For regular English verbs, form the simple past and past participle with the base verb + _-ed._

However, not all verbs in English follow this pattern of adding _-ed_ to the base verb. Instead, they have unique forms for the simple past and the past participle that have to be memorized. These are called [**irregular verbs**](https://blog.duolingo.com/list-of-verbs/#examples-of-irregular-verbs).

## Regular verbs in English

To express that something has happened in the past, you simply add **_-ed_** to the base verb. [This ending is pronounced as “t,” “d,” or “id,”](https://blog.duolingo.com/simple-past-verbs-in-english/#pronunciation-of-the-simple-past) depending on the sounds that precede it.

Unlike in the [simple present tense](https://blog.duolingo.com/simple-present/), where the third person singular adds _**-s**_ to the base verb, the past tense forms are the same for all persons. Compare how the base verb _cook_ changes between the present tense and the past tense:

| SUBJECT | SIMPLE PRESENT EXAMPLE   | SIMPLE PAST EXAMPLE   |
|---------|--------------------------|------------------------|
| I       | I cook every day.        | I cooked yesterday.     |
| you     | You cook every day.      | You cooked yesterday.   |
| he/she/it| She cooks every day.    | He cooked yesterday.    |
| we      | We cook every day.       | We cooked yesterday.     |
| you (plural) | You cook every day.| You cooked yesterday.   |
| they    | They cook every day.     | They cooked yesterday.   |

Some **regular** verbs undergo spelling changes when forming the simple past and past participle.

### Regular verbs that end in _-e_ add _-d_ in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| use      | used        | used           |
| die      | died        | died           |
| bake     | baked       | baked          |

### Regular verbs with C + _-y_ change the _-y_ to _-i_ in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| try      | tried       | tried          |
| marry     | married     | married        |
| hurry     | hurried     | hurried        |

### Regular verbs with C+V+C double the last consonant in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| plan     | planned     | planned        |
| stop     | stopped     | stopped        |
| wag      | wagged      | wagged         |

### Examples of regular verbs

| BASE VERB  | PAST    | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|------------|---------|-----------------|
| argue      | argued  | argued          |
| ask        | asked   | asked           |
| believe    | believed| believed        |
| call       | called  | called         |
| change     | changed | changed         |
| clean      | cleaned | cleaned        |
| climb      | climbed | climbed        |
| continue   | continued| continued      |
| cook       | cooked  | cooked         |
| cry        | cried   | cried          |
| decide     | decided | decided         |
| die        | died    | died           |
| drop       | dropped  | dropped       |
| dry        | dried    | dried          |
| enjoy      | enjoyed | enjoyed         |
| finish     | finished| finished        |
| hate       | hated   | hated          |
| help       | helped  | helped         |
| invite     | invited | invited        |
| join       | joined  | joined         |
| jump       | jumped  | jumped         |
| kick       | kicked  | kicked         |
| kill       | killed  | killed         |
| kiss       | kissed  | kissed         |
| laugh      | laughed | laughed         |
| learn      | learned | learned         |
| like       | liked   | liked          |
| live       | lived   | lived          |
| look       | looked  | looked         |
| love       | loved   | loved          |
| marry      | married | married        |
| mix        | mixed   | mixed          |
| move       | moved   | moved          |
| melt       | melted  | melted         |
| miss       | missed   | missed         |
| need       | needed  | needed         |
| open       | opened  | opened         |
| pass       | passed  | passed         |
| play       | played  | played         |
| promise     | promised| promised        |
| remember   | remembered| remembered    |
| return     | returned | returned      |
| seem       | seemed  | seemed        |
| shout      | shouted  | shouted        |
| smell      | smelled | smelled         |
| smile      | smiled  | smiled         |
| spell      | spelled | spelled         |
| start      | started | started        |
| stay       | stayed  | stayed         |
| stop       | stopped | stopped        |
| study      | studied | studied        |
| talk       | talked  | talked         |
| touch      | touched | touched        |
| travel     | traveled| traveled       |
| try        | tried   | tried          |
| turn       | turned  | turned         |
| use        | used    | used           |
| want       | wanted  | wanted         |
| watch      | watched | watched        |
| wish       | wished  | wished        |
| work       | worked  | worked         |

Remember these four patterns for the past forms of regular verbs:

## Irregular verbs in English

As you now know, **irregular** verbs don’t follow the regular _-ed_ pattern to form the simple past and past participle. Instead, they have unique forms.

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| eat      | ate         | eaten          |
| see      | saw         | seen           |
| write    | wrote       | written        |

Luckily, many irregular verbs can be grouped by patterns. Recognizing these patterns makes it easier to learn irregular verbs!

### Irregular verbs with no change in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| cost     | cost        | cost           |
| cut      | cut         | cut            |
| hit      | hit         | hit            |

### Irregular verbs with the past forms ending in _-t_

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| build    | built       | built          |
| feel     | felt        | felt           |
| send     | sent        | sent           |

### Irregular verbs with the past forms ending in “d”

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| lay      | laid        | laid           |
| make     | made        | made           |
| pay      | paid        | paid           |

### Irregular verbs where _-ee/-ea_ becomes _-e-_ in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| bleed    | bled        | bled           |
| lead     | led         | led            |
| feed     | fed         | fed            |

### Irregular verbs where V + _-w_ becomes _-ew_ and _-awn/-own_ in the past forms

| BASE VERB | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|-----------|-------------|----------------|
| throw    | threw       | thrown         |
| draw     | drew        | drawn          |
| know     | knew        | known          |

### Examples of irregular verbs

| BASE VERB  | SIMPLE PAST | PAST PARTICIPLE |
|------------|-------------|-----------------|
| be         | was / were  | been            |
| become     | became      | become          |
| begin      | began       | begun           |
| bite       | bit         | bitten          |
| break      | broke       | broken          |
| bring      | brought     | brought         |
| build      | built       | built           |
| buy        | bought      | bought          |
| catch      | caught      | caught          |
| choose     | chose       | chosen          |
| come       | came        | come            |
| do         | did         | done            |
| draw       | drew        | drawn           |
| drink      | drank       | drunk           |
| drive      | drove       | driven          |
| eat        | ate         | eaten           |
| fall       | fell        | fallen          |
| feel       | felt        | felt            |
| find       | found       | found           |
| fly        | flew        | flown           |
| get        | got         | got or gotten   |
| go         | went        | gone            |
| know       | knew        | known           |
| lay        | laid        | laid            |
| lead       | led         | led             |
| lend       | lent        | lent            |
| lie        | lay         | lain            |
| lose       | lost        | lost            |
| ride       | rode        | ridden          |
| ring       | rang        | rung            |
| rise       | rose        | risen           |
| run        | ran         | run             |
| say        | said        | said            |
| see        | saw         | seen            |
| shake      | shook       | shaken          |
| sing       | sang        | sung            |
| sink       | sank or sunk| sunk            |
| sit        | sat         | sat             |
| sleep      | slept       | slept           |
| speak      | spoke       | spoken          |
| steal      | stole       | stolen          |
| swim       | swam        | swum            |
| take       | took        | taken           |
| teach      | taught      | taught          |
| tell       | told        | told            |
| throw      | threw       | thrown          |
| understand  | understood | understood      |
| wear       | wore        | worn            |
| win        | won         | won             |
| write      | wrote       | written         |

## _Regular_ practice makes perfect

With so many verbs, it can feel hard at first. But with this guide and a little bit of practice, you will be a verb expert in no time!